3Dec/10Off
Các bước đọc phim X quang ngực
Dưới đây là 1 đoạn mô tả ngắn gọn các bước đọc phim X quang ngực bằng tiếng Anh. Bạn hãy dịch đoạn văn này sang tiếng Việt.
Interpretation of a chest X-ray requires knowledge of anatomy and pathology and appreciation of normal appearances . A lateral film provides additional information about the nature and site of a pulmonary, pleural or mediastinal abnormality. A systematic approach is the most useful way of interpretation.
- Check name, date and orientation of the film - anteroposterior films are usually marked as such; otherwise assume posteroanterior.
- Lung fields: should be of equal translucency. Identify the horizontal fissure running from the right hilum to the 6th rib in the axillary line.
- Lung apices: look specifically for masses, cavitation, consolidation, etc. above and behind the clavicles.
- Trachea: confirm this is central, midway between the ends of the clavicles. Look for paratracheal masses, retrosternal goitre, etc.
- Heart: check the heart is of normal shape and the maximum diameter is less than half the internal transthoracic diameter (cardiothoracic ratio). Look specifically for any retrocardiac masses.
- Hila: the left hilum should be higher than the right. Compare the shape and density of the two hila - both should appear concave laterally. A convex appearance suggests a mass or lymphadenopathy.
- Diaphragms: the right hemidiaphragm should be higher than the left. The anterior end of the 6th rib should cross the mid-diaphragm. If this does not reach, then hyperinflation is present.
- Costophrenic angles: these should be well-defined, acute angles. Loss of one or both suggests pleural fluid or pleural thickening.
- Soft tissues: note the presence of both breast shadows in female patients. Look around the chest wall for any soft tissue masses or subcutaneous emphysema, etc.
- Bones: step closer to the film and look at the ribs, scapulae and vertebrae. Look for fractures at the edges of each bone.